git is a verson control that works offline. Every thing is is stored is a folder called .git is the same directory as the project and after you are done making all your changes you can send it to the sever.
The reason that git is getting more popular than any other version control is:

• fast
• offline working
• make a patch file for every change

but there is one big problem with it: learning.
you need to spend at least a full day to learn everthing but after that every thing will be smoot and easy.

The way that developers update the server is through ssh and the way that people can download the project is with http or git daemon. git daemon is simular to http but a bit faster and it will use the port 9418.
An other reason that we will use git daemon is for people unfamilar with apache, they won't make a hole in the sever by using http. git daemon is only for downloading project not sending to server. It can be done but It's not safe uless you want every one change the project as they please.

In the tutorial we will do 3 diffrent projects and basic commands.

1. installation
2. basic commands
3. the verson control and project files are public
4. every one that works on the project has the files but only there version control is on ther server and project files are not
5. both version control and files are on the server but the files are for a website and version control is in a directory that people have no access to it
6. alias
7. git daemon

1) installation

for windows and mac you can download the executable and for linux you can do

apt-get install git

for the project where the version control is public you need to intall git web and git daemon:

apt-get install gitweb git-daemon

2) basic commands

if you are on any other command line other that git you need to run this command so every thing will get color full and easeir to read

git config --global color.ui true

as git trusts every one (because if you have ssh access to there server you are trust worthy) it doesn't know who is making changes so it's better spesify yourself so every one knows who is making changes

git config --global user.name "name"
git config --global user.email "you@youremail.com"

3) the verson control and project files are public

is this example everthing on your project folder or any other developer and the server project flolder will be the same.
so now you are is the project folder where you can see all the files and folders related to only 1 project
to start git you need to:

git init

and it will make the .git directory. for any reason, if you didn't like git you can do:

rm -rf .git

to delete everything realted to git

git status 

will give you any useful information at the time, if any files content are changed or you didn't commit yet

git add .

will tell git that it need to look for changes in every file and forlder, but you can only add spesific folders like so:

git add /folder1

now you maked all your changes and you want to submit it so:

git commit -m "initial commit"

-m will add a message to the the commit, it's like a title of and article, so if you added feature x to your project you can do

git commit -m "added the cool feature x"

after your first git add . you can do

git commit -am "hello"

to add new files and commit at the same time it is basiclly git add and git commit

if you want the log of your commits you can do:

git log

everthing until now was offline so for adding it to the server first you will go to the server and make the desired folder and then just git init is this example the directory will be /var/project1 Now back the your computer you need to tell git where is the sever:

git remote add origin ssh://mysite.com:/var/project1
#or
git remote add origin ssh://192.168.1.14:/var/project1

in every git project you can have several branches, you start with one called master for the first time to send files to the sever you can do:

git push origin/master

but after that it better to do:

git fetch origin/master
git fetch master
git push origin/master

git fetch will download the latest changes on the server and git merge will add all your changes. like this we can avoid any posibilities of error>
there is and other command git pull

git pull origin/master
git push origin/master

git pull is a git fetch fallowed by a git merge, yes it's faster but the reason that you want to use git fetch and git merge instead of git pull is to see if you need to do any last minute changes or not.


now files are on the server and you want an other person to download every thing from the server, the command for the is:

git clone ssh://mysite.com:/var/project1

now if several people want to work on a new feature and don't want to bug other people the create a branch

git branch

will give branch status, if new project only master is in there,
if you want only branches on the server

git branch -r

and if you want list of all branches (local and server)

git branch -a

now for creating a branch called brch1 we can do:

git branch -b brch1

this will create the branch and switch to it
to delete a branch:

git branch -d brch1

now to go back to the master branch:

git checkout master

checkout the the command for switching between branches

git diff 

will show you diffrent stuff that was added or removed

diffrence between branches:

git diff git diff master..brch1

you can also see the diffrence between comits:

git diff 0da94be  59ff30c

and you can create patch files with it

git diff 0da94be  59ff30c > my.patch

to apply a patch you can:

git apply my.patch

to view the log diffrence of 2 branches,only stuff that not not merged, what is is brch1 that is not in master

git log brch1 ^master
to get a more graphical view of commit in the command line:

git log --oneline --graph --all --decorate

4) every one that works on the project has the files but only there version control is on ther server and project files are not

in this version all the commands are the same but when your are in the server,instead of creating a folder for 1 project and

git init

you create the folder for several projects and then

git init --bare project1.git

this will only upload the changes not any files (everything in .git folder)

6) alias

this can allow you to use an alias for a long command

git config --global alias.lol "log --oneline --graph --decorate"

become git lol
or

git config --global alias.serve '!git daemon --base-path=/var/www/gserver/ --export-all --reuseaddr --informative-errors --verbose'

will become git serve

7)git daemon

to start git daemon we just have to type git daemon but there are several thing that we have to spesify like what the the projects folder
the fallowing command will use all projects in the folder /var/www/gserver

--base-path=/var/www/gserver/ --export-all --reuseaddr --informative-errors --verbose

--base-path will direct to the folder so if you have the project /var/www/gserver/a.git to clone it we have to clone git://mysite.com/a.git
--enable=receive-pack will allow every one to push to the server (not safe)
--reuseaddr will not wait for time out (everything becomes faster)
--informative-errors --verbose will show all the connections and errors
--export-all we use all the projects found

if you don't want to the git daemon for all projects in the folder just don't use the --export-all and all an empty file called git-daemon-export-ok to the git folder

touch git-daemon-export-ok